Lockheed P-38 Lightning
The Lockheed P-38 Lightning is a World War II American fighter
aircraft. Developed to a United States Army Air Corps requirement, the
P-38 had distinctive twin booms and a single, central nacelle containing
the cockpit and armament. Named "fork-tailed devil" (der
Gabelschwanz-Teufel) by the Luftwaffe and "two planes, one pilot"
(2飛行機、1パイロット Ni hikōki, ippairotto?) by the Japanese, the P-38 was used
in a number of roles, including dive bombing, level bombing,
ground-attack, night fighting, photo reconnaissance missions, and
extensively as a long-range escort fighter when equipped with drop tanks
under its wings.
The P-38 was used most successfully in the
Pacific Theater of Operations and the China-Burma-India Theater of
Operations as the aircraft of America's top aces, Richard Bong (40
victories) and Thomas McGuire (38 victories). In the South West Pacific
theater, the P-38 was the primary long-range fighter of United States
Army Air Forces until the appearance of large numbers of P-51D Mustangs
toward the end of the war.
The P-38 was unusually quiet for a
fighter, the exhaust muffled by the turbo-superchargers. It was
extremely forgiving, and could be mishandled in many ways, but the rate
of roll in the early versions was too slow for it to excel as a
dogfighter.[10] The P-38 was the only American fighter aircraft in
production throughout American involvement in the war, from Pearl Harbor
to Victory over Japan Day. At the end of the war, orders for 1,887 were
cancelled.
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