The Kawasaki Ki-61 "Hien"
The Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien (飛燕, "flying swallow") is a Japanese World War
II fighter aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force. The
first encounter reports claimed Ki-61s were Messerschmitt Bf 109s:
further reports claimed that the new aircraft was an Italian design,
which led to the Allied reporting name of "Tony", assigned by the United
States War Department.[1] The Japanese Army designation was "Army Type 3
Fighter" (三式戦闘機).[2] It was the only mass-produced Japanese fighter of
the war to use a liquid-cooled inline V engine. Over 3,000 Ki-61s were
produced. Initial prototypes saw action over Yokohama during the
Halsey-Doolittle Raid on 18. April 1942, and continued to fly combat
missions throughout the war.
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