Mitsubishi A6M Zero
The Mitsubishi A6M Zero is a
long-range fighter aircraft, manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy
Industries, and operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1940 to
1945. The A6M was designated as the Mitsubishi Navy Type 0 Carrier
Fighter (零式艦上戦闘機 rei-shiki-kanjō-sentōki), or the Mitsubishi A6M
Rei-sen. The A6M was usually referred to by its pilots as the "Reisen"
(zero fighter), "0" being the last digit of the Imperial year 2600
(1940) when it entered service with the Imperial Navy. The official
Allied reporting name was "Zeke", although the use of the name "Zero"
was later commonly adopted by the Allies as well.
When it was
introduced early in World War II, the Zero was considered the most
capable carrier-based fighter in the world, combining excellent
maneuverability and very long range. In early combat operations, the
Zero gained a legendary reputation as a dogfighter, achieving the
outstanding kill ratio of 12 to 1, but by mid-1942 a combination of new
tactics and the introduction of better equipment enabled the Allied
pilots to engage the Zero on generally equal terms.
The Imperial
Japanese Navy Air Service ("IJNAS") also frequently used the type as a
land-based fighter. By 1943, inherent design weaknesses and the failure
to develop more powerful aircraft engines meant that the Zero became
less effective against newer enemy fighters, which possessed greater
firepower, armor, and speed, and approached the Zero's maneuverability.
Although the Mitsubishi A6M was outdated by 1944, design delays and
production difficulties of newer Japanese aircraft types meant that it
continued to serve in a front line role until the end of the war. During
the final years of the War in the Pacific, the Zero was also adapted for
use in kamikaze operations. During the course of the war, Japan produced
more Zeros than any other model of combat aircraft.
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